Похожие на медуз морские организмы привели к остановке двух южнокорейских атомных реакторов
Крупнейшая АЭС Южной Кореи остановила выработку электроэнергии на двух из шести своих энергоблоках. Причиной стало критическое засорение водозабора сальпидами — небольшими желеобразными морскими организмами, напоминающими медуз.
Как пишет Bloomderg, это происходит уже второй раз за последний месяц. Оба реактора, каждый установленной мощностью по 950 мегаватт, едва успели возобновить работу на прошлой неделе, как во вторник их снова пришлось заглушить. Сальпиды создали серьезные помехи в системе водозабора, в частности нарушили работу регулирующих поток вентилей.
Реакторы расположенной на побережье Японского моря АЭС «Ханул» (Hanul Nuclear Power Plant) используют морскую воду в качестве теплоносителя последнего контура охлаждения. Жидкость проходит через теплообменники и нагревается на несколько градусов, не создавая критического теплового загрязнения. Но, как и на всех подобных электростанциях, за такое удобство приходится платить необходимостью иметь дело с морской фауной.
Обычно животные не представляют угрозы для работы АЭС, и некоторое их количество, попадающее в водозабор, штатно удаляется (зачастую без вреда для жизни). Однако иногда природа преподносит сюрпризы, как и произошло в этом году. Пик активности сальпид, как правило, приходится на июнь, но на этот раз их количество побило все рекорды уже в марте.

Эти существа из отряда оболочников обитают в приповерхностных водах и питаются фитопланктоном. Благодаря симбиотическим бактериям они могут светиться в темноте, что выглядит впечатляюще, особенно когда сальпиды собираются в огромные скопления. Такие цепочки способны достигать нескольких метров в длину, что оборачивается серьезной проблемой, если они попадают в замкнутое пространство. Например, в водозабор АЭС.
Сколько на этот раз продлится остановка реакторов, пока не известно: официальный сайт оператора АЭС «Ханул» — компании Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power — не содержит никаких новостей по теме. Недостающую генерацию приходится компенсировать резервными электростанциями, что заметно дороже. Например, мартовский инцидент потребовал дополнительных поставок примерно 60 тысяч тонн сжиженного природного газа, которые обошлись в 21,8 миллиона долларов США.
Специалисты из Корейского института океанических наук и технологий (KIOST) объясняют аномальное количество сальпид необычно высокими для этого времени года температурами воды. Какие-либо прогнозы ученые делать пока отказываются: по их словам, данных недостаточно. Возможно, это временное явление, а может, все дело в глобальном потеплении. Если ситуация будет повторяться, АЭС придется проводить дополнительные мероприятия по защите водозабора.
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