«
»

Секретный американский космоплан X37-B испытал направленный микроволновый излучатель на орбите

Хотя большая часть программы полетов экспериментального космоплана Boeing X-37B окутана вуалью секретности, некоторые его задачи касаются не только военных. Поэтому суть проводимых опытов становится известна, пусть и не сразу. Например, недавняя научная публикация раскрывает подробности испытаний микроволнового излучателя, который пригодится в будущем для орбитальных солнечных электростанций, перенаправляющих энергию на Землю или другое небесное тело.

В некоторых случаях разумное желание военных засекретить все и вся вступает в конфликт с законодательством и заказчиком экспериментов. Поэтому итоги некоторых из них они обязаны размещать в открытых источниках. Хотя и делают это без лишней помпы, не привлекая избыточного внимания. Space.com нашел публикацию на рецензируемом научном портале IEEE Xplore, в которой описаны механизмы фокусировки луча микроволнового излучения в целом и миллиметрового — в частности.

Авторы статьи — сотрудники исследовательских лабораторий ВВС (AFRL), флота (NRL) и Министерства энергетики (SNL) США, а также компании Raytheon и Киотского университета. Среди прочего в материале содержится информация о программе Дополнительных демонстраций и исследований космической солнечной энергии (SSPIDR). Ее практическое воплощение только запланировано, а вот предшествующий эксперимент прямо сейчас находится в космосе, на борту X-37B.

Он называется PRAM-FX и представляет собой квадратную плитку со стороной около 30,5 сантиметра и толщиной в пять-семь сантиметров. На одной стороне — массив фотопреобразователей, на другой — фазированная антенная решетка, предназначенная для генерации направленного микроволнового луча. В рамках эксперимента передачу энергии на Землю или другие приемники в космосе проводить не будут. Задача PRAM-FX — оценка эффективности преобразования солнечного света в фокусированное радиоизлучение для дальнейшего питания удаленных потребителей.

Ключевые компоненты эксперимента PRAM-FX (слева) и габариты самой «плитки» с солнечными панелями, преобразователем и излучателем (справа) / ©Air Force Research Laboratory

Поскольку продолжающаяся сейчас миссия X-37B еще не завершена, как и эксперименты в ее рамках, финальных результатов PRAM-FX нет, только предварительные. И они, на первый взгляд, не вызывают особого восторга: всего 8% энергии солнечного света переводится в радиолуч, часть из которой будет дополнительно потеряна при преобразовании на приемнике. Но, во-первых, уже разработаны пути улучшения ситуации, а во-вторых, для некоторых применений другие варианты могут оказаться даже менее удобными.

Передачу энергии радиоизлучением с орбиты на поверхность планируют использовать не только на Земле. Хотя перспективы такого решения для нашей планеты пока под вопросом, во время полярных лунных миссий оно может быть вполне конкурентоспособным. Именно в тех кратерах, куда миллионы лет не попадал солнечный свет, находятся колоссальные залежи водяного льда. Чтобы его добывать, необходимо много энергии, которую либо придется везти с собой (аккумуляторы), либо получать с орбиты.

Программа SSPIDR, развивающая задел PRAM-FX, подразумевает уже три отдельных эксперимента — Arachne, SPINDLE и SPIRRAL. Первый будет устройством для демонстрации передачи энергии с орбиты на Землю, для которого компания Northrop Grumman начала производство необходимых компонентов. Запуск запланирован на 2024 год, но каким именно образом планируется выводить прибор в космос, пока не ясно. Неизвестно даже, будет это отдельный спутник или инструмент в составе какого-то другого аппарата (например, также X-37B).

SPINDLE, в свою очередь, уже будет полноценным демонстратором всей системы, включающей фотопреобразователи, спутниковую платформу и ретранслятор энергии. Сроки его создания пока не обозначены: вероятно, потребуется сначала дождаться возвращения PRAM-FX и результатов остальных тестов. Наконец, SPIRRAL полетит раньше всех — в 2023 году. Этот эксперимент отправится на МКС, где будет размещен на внешней подвеске для научных приборов и образцов. Его задача заключается в проверке всех необходимых материалов на устойчивость к условиям открытого космоса.

Нашли опечатку? Выделите фрагмент и нажмите Ctrl + Enter.

Let’s block ads! (Why?)

365 комментариев

  66. Kibincock Ответить

    Private 713В± acre ranch less than an hour from Denver with immediate access to Staunton State Park and national forest land. Stunning views, small creek, ponds, and gorgeous timbered mountain pastures. A robotics hub in Odense, on the island of Funen, is home to Universal Robots A S, which has dominated the worldwide market for collaborative robots, or cobots. From its North American headquarters in Ann Arbor, UR overnights parts to any North American location instead of returning the robot to Denmark for service. Great opportunity to own a turn key successful business up north, named one of the Top 10 Snowmobiling Pit Stops in America by Snow Goer Magazine and and is the closest restaurant eating drinking establishment to the Ocqueoc Falls. Three Cedars has earned a reputation for excellent food, friendly service and hometown atmosphere, and is well known for its Sunday brunch buffet. Price includes licenses, inventory, fixtures and equipment. Custom sound system with DJ Karaoke built in!  Event venue able to be cordoned off for privacy. Seats 50 in bar area 80 in dining area. https://imparteti-painea.ro/forum/profile/demetriuslashle/ COMING SOONCOMMUNITY Check out this lovely Bagley bungalow. The home is in great shape and move in ready! Brand new roof and was just updated throughout before the last tenancy. Great opportunity for investors or a homeowner to call this home! Home features 4 bedrooms, 1 full bathroom, kitchen, living room with fireplace, dinning room, and full basement! Plenty of room for entertaining. Get yours offers in quick, Bagley for 100K is a thing of the past!! Directions to Model Home27114 Velencia Mist Court, Magnolia, TX 77354Schedule an Appointment Contact Sales Counselor:   (832) 906-4220 We want to thank our homeowners for choosing us to be their Built With Care builder for more than 45 years. Eastwood continues to ensure that each and every home is «Built with Care.» The ranch style home, or rambler, is the classic style that is synonymous with one story living. There are just so many options available that offer space for entertainment and living. Ranch floor plans are simply practical for today’s living. With all of the living space on one floor there are no steps to navigate or stairways to take up floor space. Architectural details be created with ranch style homes by adding cathedral ceilings, vaulted ceilings, trapezoid windows, and other ceiling treatments (i.e. coffered ceilings, trey ceilings, etc.). Exterior curb appear can be enhanced with dramatic recesses, decorative dormers, and any number of porch options.

  67. atterie Ответить

    This bud has many tiny new sugar leaves and new pistils on top. It also has a top-heavy “fist” shape. These are common symptoms of heat or light damage, especially if they only appear on the parts of the plant close to the light. If this is happening, look at the older parts of the buds to decide when to harvest. Even though there’s a bunch of new white pistils on top, this bud is ready right now because the rest of the bud looks ready! Burying these fish heads close to the bottom of your outdoor space is an easy way to provide an inexpensive fertilizer that will break down over time. When adding soil, it should not be too compact. Instead, it may even have a light, almost fluffy texture and appearance. Sundberg said cannabis can be grown outdoors in Arizona, where come August the plants flower as the days get shorter and they’re ready to harvest by about October. It’s doable in Phoenix, even with the heat, but extra steps have to be taken to protect your plant, he said. https://cashvods754208.jiliblog.com/67150730/medical-marijuana-laws-in-michigan It is super important to maintain a good diet and exercise while trying to quit. This will make you feel good, keep you motivated, and keep your mind clear and focused towards your goal. Exercise also relieves anxiety, a psychological symptom you may experience while trying to quit. Having a proper diet and exercise will also give you better sleep, which is a huge factor in helping you to quit weed. One of the most common complaints among people trying to quit smoking is the inability to sleep as well. However, if you use up enough energy throughout the day, you will fall asleep quickly and sleep well for the night, reefer or no reefer. Exercise helps you use up energy, giving you better quality of sleep. One of the reasons why some people see withdrawal as an arduous process is that they cannot manage it and also don’t know how to prevent it. If you want to stop smoking, the first step to take is to speak with your doctor about the aftermath of your quitting smoking.

  77. Robertmak Ответить

    AACC has partnered with All-State Career School in Baltimore to offer CDL A training. The training consists of one classroom lecture course and one driving range and highway course, which can be completed in 16 days. Testing is done onsite at All-State in Baltimore. It is important to acquire a commercial driver’s license through the department of safety. The license must be issued according to the state from where the driver lives. Dump truck drivers drive trucks of different gross vehicle weight however there are cases that the truck is more than 26, 000 gross vehicle weight requiring a commercial driver’s license in majority of the states. Strictly speaking, truck-driving school isn’t a requirement, but it’s still a very good idea in the vast majority of cases. Many applicants pay for school out-of-pocket, but in some cases, commercial trucking hauling companies will pay for training themselves. It’s generally a good idea to ask around with companies and recruiters in your area before signing up for classes. https://www.kalpnatayal.com/forum/community/profile/winstonschaw849/ 3301 North Mulford Road Rockford, IL 61114 Visit our campus, take a tour, and learn more about we have to offer! Our Academic Calendar includes key start and end dates for each semester, dates of final exams, and days when no classes are in session. Visit the RVC Bookstore for more than just books- get your RVC spirit wear, gifts, supplies, and electronics! Visit the RVC Bookstore for more than just books- get your RVC spirit wear, gifts, supplies, and electronics! Our Academic Calendar includes key start and end dates for each semester, dates of final exams, and days when no classes are in session. Four freshmen begin training truck drivers at RVC every two weeks. According to Willis, most classes have been fully booked in the last six months. 3301 North Mulford Road Rockford, IL 61114 The AARP Smart Driver Course will be available for in-person sessions starting in the spring of 2022! Available dates times will be in the CLR spring 2022 catalog to be released near the end of the year.

  78. Dennisfub Ответить

    MTT からの高額配当金のボーナス付きでポーカーの腕前を上げたいというのが目標であれば、スケジュールにこれらのトーナメントをいくつか加えてみてはいかがでしょう。ただ、これらのとりわけ時間がかかるトーナメントに挑むだけの時間的余裕と集中力を確実に確保しておきましょう。 トップページに戻る ショートスタックを気にする一方、チップリーダーも気にする必要があります。ショートスタックの一人があなたとチップリーダーの間にいる場合、そのショートスタックはチップリーダーにあげましょう。どのような状況でもチップリーダーに対してはポジションを持っている必要があります。あなたはゲームを支配したいですが、チップリーダーがポジションを持っている場合には、それが難しくなります。素晴らしいカードが来るまでじっとしていましょう。 http://www.labourmatters.co.zw/community/profile/ramonitavvs3102/ サイコロ運と戦略のバランスの取れた名作ゲームです。 ホロライブとローソンがコラボした一番くじ的なやつはやっぱり転売されますかね？ドンキホーテのぬいぐるみみたいに、、自分はるしあのまな板とまつりのタンブラーが欲しいのでなるべく当たるまでしようと思ってますが日付けが変わるタイミングで行くべきですかね？ サイコロ運と戦略のバランスの取れた名作ゲームです。 100円ショップでは、ゲームや遊びで使用できるサイコロを販売しています。商品によってサイズやセットに入っている個数が異なりました。 サイコロを振って資源を集めて、投資することで、勝利点の獲得を目指す、ダイスゲーム

  81. AustinOrasy Ответить

    Make sure you Run speed test Make sure you speed is around 10 and higher. 8. Now, you will get the Android device on the Roku TV, and this helps to open a Smart IPTV on the Android device. That’s it! You can now enjoy IPTV on Roku with IPTV Smarters. Enjoy! At home or on the go, Hartelco’s cable programming is always at your fingertips. Watch your favorite shows on your smartphone, tablet or streaming devices. If you are using another IPTV player such as TiviMate, you can also watch IPTV on Roku by casting to your Roku device. IPTV Smarters is one of the best IPTV Players, compatible with hundreds of IPTV services that use a server URL. IPTV or Internet Protocol Television is a way for cord-cutters to stream live television through the internet. Live Net TV is an android application which allows you to watch thousands of Live Channels from all over the world. You can watch Movies, Live TV Shows and sports and most popular niches can be watched from various countries such as UK, USA, India, Iran, Pakistan and many others. Live Net TV enables us to watch any cable TV channel without a subscription. It’s awesome, right!!! Let’s now see how to install this application on Roku. https://chabucagrandaenlaescuela.com/foro/profile/odessastolp9144/ Yes. There is no commitment required, activation, disconnect or restart fees. When you are no longer using your service you can simply stop paying your monthly bill. However, if you are a current DISH subscriber and have a receiver added to your account, please call DISH to have the receiver removed from your account to avoid unnecessary billing. Also, if you are enrolled in eAutopay with your Pay-as-you-go account, please go online or call DISH to have automatic billing removed while you are not using the equipment. All automatic!! Once you have a clear view of the southern sky it finds the SAT’s and your ready to go. The receivers take some time to get through the initial set up process (activation, guide download, etc.). I did have to call for Tech support when I kept getting error message about signal loss (thought maybe a bad receiver). Once the Tech wasn’t able to help me any longer, 15 minutes later it was working fine.

  97. affek Ответить

    Nach dem unterhaltsamen Samstagsrennen stieg das Interesse offensichtlich wieder an. Das Qualifying zum vierten Saisonlauf hatte übrigens ProSieben Maxx live im TV gezeigt. Die Übertragung erreichte 1,2 Prozent Marktanteil in der Zielgruppe und 40.000 Gesamtzuschauer:innen. «Das ist gut für den Slot auf diesem Sender», so unsere Quelle. Für alle, die gerne an Strategien tüfteln, bieten Automatenspiele mit abwechslungsreichen Features, Bonusfunktionen und Freispielrunden eine breite Palette an Möglichkeiten. Wer sich mit reichlich Nervenkitzel eine gesunde Ladung Adrenalin verabreichen will, sollte an Slots spielen, die über eine Gamble Option verfügen. Wer es hingegen lieber ruhig und ohne außergewöhnliche Funktionen angehen lassen möchte, kann seine Zeit an klassischen Automaten verbringen. Sie kommen mit einfachem Gameplay daher und erzeugen so beim Spielen ein Retro-Gefühl, das man bei den unzähligen modernen Slots von heute nicht mehr allzu häufig bekommt. So kann man sich ein klein wenig auf eine Zeitreise begeben. https://mike-wiki.win/index.php/Beste_auszahlungsquote_online_casino In diesem Paper (umgangssprachlich) konzentrieren wir mich dabei auf spezielle Casinos mit Startguthaben und Bonusangeboten, die im Gegenzug über einer Einzahlung , alternativ Registrierung erfolgen. Typische Beispiele sind das online Casino qua Startguthaben, der klassische Gluecksspieltempel Willkommensbonus, Boni für Einzahlungen allgemein, VIP und Highroller Bonus Angebote und ähnliches . Und ebenso die besten Angebote für Casinos via gratis Startguthaben gehören dazu. Man muss ehrlicherweise sagen, dass Online Casinos ihre Boni nicht ganz uneigennützig spendieren. Für Spieler hat der Online Casino Bonus mit Startguthaben klar den Vorteil, dass mehr Budget vorhanden ist. Damit sind deutlich mehr oder eben höhere Einsätze möglich. Das wiederum bedeutet bessere Chancen, schnell ein paar Gewinne zu sammeln. Die Casinos verfolgen in erster Linie das Ziel, neue Kunden für sich zu gewinnen. Zunächst sollte es dort möglich sein, sich ganz ohne Kosten mit verschiedenen Spielen zu beschäftigen, um herauszufinden, ob eine Anmeldung überhaupt Sinn macht.

  137. Inibe Ответить

    There are 100s of slots to choose from, plenty of variants of Roulette, Blackjack and Video Slots, plus Craps, Baccarat, Three Card Poker, Texas Hold’em, Keno, Scratch Cards, Pai Gow Poker, Red Dog, and plenty of other popular casino games available for selection. There is a LIVE casino, which offer crisp gameplay and real-life casino experience. The diagram indicates the Roulette rules payout for single chip bets and the many combinations available to you. The dealer will be happy to explain any of them. The exact placement of the chips determine the bet being made. Each player is responsible for the correct positioning of their wager on the layout regardless of whether the bet is placed by the dealer. They offer a small, but ultra-high quality live casino selection. If you’re interested in playing live casino games, we definitely recommend that you go and check out Betway Casino! https://codesign.blog/community/profile/opalz8167498850/ Besides the welcome bonus, you can also earn loyalty rewards, claim deposit bonuses, and free spins. Filed UnderCasino Bonuses German Casino Bonuses No Deposit Bonuses Instead of using a no deposit bonus multiple times, we suggest looking for other bonuses from different casinos, either in our list of no deposit bonuses, or on other websites, such as lcb.org. Another well renowned website is nodepositfriend.com, which offers a comprehensive list with numerous no deposit bonus offers for you to enjoy. If you’ve already used all bonuses listed here, on Casino Guru, remember that there are other sites where you can find new bonus offers for you to try. PlayAmo😤 100 Free SpinsA good casino is not particularly fancy, but if you tired of all the other sites and what to play in the new crypto casino with free spins this site is for you.Advantages and disadvantages of free spins as a no deposit bonus at the bitcoin casinoFrom the description above, it is already clear that this kind of encouragement for creating an account has a lot of positive moments. However, it also has minuses, bellow is enumerating the most positive and negative sides of free spins.

  196. crync Ответить

    However, I wouldn’t purchase this because I have no use for the highlighter side, which is a peachy cream shade with a moderate amount of shine. And because it only has 3 shades and cannot be used for the back-to-MAC program, if I had to choose between this and the MAC version, I’d choose the MAC one every time. Yes, it is absolutely safe to buy MAC Eye Brows Eyebrow Crayon Spiked 1 Count from desertcart, which is a 100% legitimate site operating in 164 countries. Since 2014, desertcart has been delivering a wide range of products to customers and fulfilling their desires. You will find several positive reviews by desertcart customers on portals like Trustpilot, etc. The website uses an HTTPS system to safeguard all customers and protect financial details and transactions done online. The company uses the latest upgraded technologies and software systems to ensure a fair and safe shopping experience for all customers. Your details are highly secure and guarded by the company using encryption and other latest softwares and technologies. https://v.gd/YkuL2Z If you’ve been wanting to kickstart your own 10-step routine or follow the latest skip-care trend, this post has the compilation of some of the best cruelty-free Korean skincare products that will give you great results!  THE LITTLE BOOK OF SKINCARE This advanced formulation features retinol encapsulated using the “Amphiphilic Block Copolymers method”. This enhances the penetration and absorption of retinol to ensure your skin gets the maximum dose. It gives a dewy and supple finish without the greasy feeling. Bae loves Sulwhasoo’s range of beauty options, \especially their activating serum

  246. appekeelo Ответить

    One notable exception was Alberto who only lives an hour away on the other side of Manila and came by car. Despite the fact he’s a local, Alberto is very excited to be at this event as it is his first time playing in such a large and prestigious event. Actually, that is the feeling shared by all the players, regardless of how much live poker-playing experience they may have. PartyPoker.com players always seem to be the friendliest players on tour and this group of guys and one lady are no exception. Yes, there are a few different types of poker bonuses available. Each site is different in the way they reward their VIP players but there are some common bonuses that a potential player should look out for when selecting their Philippines friendly online gambling deposit method. Master Poker Series joins forces with GPL Season 2 for its inaugural festival https://judahgwla087531.blogchaat.com/14096964/party-poker-free-money Watch & Learn How To Get Your Gcash Free Money Today! Download & play VALORANT today! Globe Telecom’s GCash is a virtual wallet that you may use to transfer and receive money, pay bills, buy goods, and more. When your friend completes registration and receives their reward on the app, you can earn GCash. You could earn Php50.00 to Php70.00 for each person you refer, totaling up to Php1,250.00 every month. “PayMath is 100% Legit online business. i love it!” Get 75% up to в‚±25,000 on your SECOND deposit with S5.com! Take the chance to be part of hundreds of games to try your luck. A. Ibili ng pagkain. Salamat sa shout out. рџ™Џ Gamehag is a website with a wide community of gamers that offers said gamers access to games and rewards in exchange for carrying out tasks. You earn $1 to $3 for every 500 soul gems you can collect.

Добавить комментарий

Ваш адрес email не будет опубликован. Обязательные поля помечены *

О сайте

Ежедневный информационный сайт последних и актуальных новостей.

Комментарии

Посетители

Февраль 2023
Пн Вт Ср Чт Пт Сб Вс
 12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728